Automatic uniform distribution apparatus and automatic adjusting method for threshed material from harvester

ABSTRACT

An automatic uniform distribution apparatus for the threshed material from the combine harvester comprises a tangential flow threshing and separating device, a shaking plate threshed material detecting device, a shaking plate, a shaking plate flow guiding mechanism, an axial flow threshing and separating device, a chaff screw conveyor, a return plate, a return plate flow guiding mechanism, a return plate threshed material detecting device, a vibrating sieve, and an on-line detection controller. Force sensors are provided at lateral positions below discharge ports of the shaking plate and the return plate to measure flow rates of the threshed material in lateral regions of the shaking plate and the return plate.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of intelligent control ofcombine harvesters, and specifically to an automatic uniformdistribution apparatus and an automatic adjusting method for a threshedmaterial from a combine harvester.

Description of Related Art

At present, along with the large-scale promotion of high-yield rice,there is an increasing demand for the mechanization of rice harvesting,which requires combine harvesters to develop toward high feeding amountand high efficiency while ensuring good operating performance. Inaddition, automation and agriculturalization are also important measuresof modern agricultural machinery. However, the intelligence level ofcombine harvesters in China is still low, and there is a lack of workingparts that can perform adaptive adjustment according to thecharacteristics of dynamic threshed material distribution. Under theaction of centrifugal force, the threshed material from the axial flowthreshing and separating device is transversely distributed in a patternof high on both sides and low in the middle, which leads to problems,such as the threshed material accumulating on two sides of the surfaceof the cleaning sieve and affecting the sieving, and inevitably reducesthe cleaning efficiency and degrades the performance. The more uniformlythe threshed material from the threshing and separating device isdistributed on the sieve surface, the more conducive to the sieving ofgrains and the blowing of the airflow, and thus, the cleaning efficiencyand performance can be significantly improved under the condition of adetermined cleaning area. To solve the problem of non-uniformdistribution of the threshed material from the axial flow threshing andseparating device and improve the cleaning efficiency, various studieshave been carried out. For example, Patent No. CN202059769U discloses avibration cleaning sieve for a longitudinal flow-cutting andfull-feeding combine harvester, where the front end of the top sievewarps upward and forms a 0.1-25-degree included angle with the planewhere the louver sieve lies, and a plurality of guide plates arearranged on the top sieve. Although the top sieve and the guide platesrespectively solve the problems of too dense distribution of thethreshed material in longitudinal and transverse directions, there is noadaptive device, which leads to the inability to detect in real time thedistribution of threshed material and then perform adaptive regulation.Patent No. CN201510157999.5 discloses an intelligent adjusting mechanismand adjusting method for distribution of a threshed material from anaxial flow threshing and separating device, in which an amount of graincleaning loss detected by a grain cleaning loss detection controller isused as sampling information, and the degree of opening of flow guidingplates is taken as the controlled object. A plurality of threshedmaterial devices are arranged below a concave sieve. The threshedmaterial devices each include a step-type electric push rod, an arcbaseplate, and a spring. A plurality of flow guiding assemblies arearranged on the arc baseplate. The degree of opening of the flow guidingplates in the flow guiding assemblies can be adjusted by changing thedisplacement of the step-type electric push rod, to avoid problems suchas the threshed material accumulating on a part of the sieve surface todegrade the cleaning performance, and achieve a relatively uniformdistribution of the threshed material. However, this device, which usesgrain loss force sensors to acquire amount-of-loss signals to indirectlyevaluate the uniformity of threshed material on the sieve surface, canonly estimate the approximate distribution of threshed material. As thisdevice does not include sensors for monitoring in real time the threshedmaterial flow rate, the threshed material flow rate cannot be accuratelymeasured in real time and therefore cannot be adjusted in real time,resulting in a poor adjustment sensitivity and effect.

SUMMARY

In view of defects in the prior art that a threshed material from anaxial flow threshing and separating device is not uniformly distributedand accumulates on two sides of the surface of a cleaning sieve toaffect the sieving and severely reduce the cleaning efficiency andperformance, the present invention provides an automatic uniformdistribution apparatus and an automatic adjusting method for a threshedmaterial from a combine harvester.

To achieve the above purposes of the present invention, the presentinvention adopts the following technical solution. An automatic uniformdistribution apparatus for a threshed material from a combine harvesterincludes a tangential flow threshing and separating device, an axialflow threshing and separating device, a chaff screw conveyor, and avibrating sieve. A shaking plate and a return plate are disposed abovetwo ends of the vibrating sieve, the shaking plate is located below thetangential flow threshing and separating device, the return plate islocated below the axial flow threshing drum and the chaff screwconveyor, the shaking plate includes a shaking plate flow guidingmechanism mounted on a side thereof onto which the threshed materialfrom the tangential flow threshing and separating device falls, ashaking plate threshed material detecting device is mounted at adischarge port of the shaking plate, the return plate includes a returnplate flow guiding mechanism mounted on a side thereof onto which thethreshed material from the axial flow threshing and separating devicefalls, a return plate threshed material detecting device is mounted at adischarge port of the return plate, the shaking plate threshed materialdetecting device and the return plate threshed material detecting deviceare both connected to an input terminal of an on-line detectioncontroller, and the on-line detection controller is configured tocontrol action processes of the shaking plate flow guiding mechanism andthe return plate flow guiding mechanism.

In the above solution, the shaking plate flow guiding mechanism includesa first ball-head push rod, a shaking plate electric cylinder fixingbracket, a shaking plate electric cylinder, a shaking plate weldingplate, shaking plate flow guiding bars and a first connecting rod. Oneend of each of the shaking plate flow guiding bars is connected to theshaking plate by a hinge, the shaking plate electric cylinder isconnected to a lower side of the shaking plate by the shaking plateelectric cylinder fixing bracket and pushes the first ball-head push rodby the shaking plate electric cylinder so as to drive the hinge torotate, so that an angle of the shaking plate flow guiding bars on theshaking plate is adjustable, and other ends of the shaking plate flowguiding bars are connected to each other by the shaking plate weldingplate and the first connecting rod to achieve linkage of the shakingplate flow guiding bars.

In the above solution, the shaking plate threshed material detectingdevice includes a shaking plate detecting device mounting bracket,shaking plate threshed material detecting plates are mounted above theshaking plate detecting device mounting bracket, shaking plate forcesensors are mounted below the shaking plate threshed material detectingplates, and two ends of the shaking plate detecting device mountingbracket are connected to a rack by a first shaking plate vibrationdamper and a second shaking plate vibration damper.

In the above solution, the shaking plate electric cylinder is connectedto an output terminal of the on-line detection controller, and theshaking plate force sensors are connected to the input terminal of theon-line detection controller.

In the above solution, the return plate flow guiding mechanism includesa second connecting rod, a return plate welding plate, a return plateelectric cylinder fixing bracket, a return plate electric cylinder, asecond ball-head push rod and return plate flow guiding bars. One end ofeach of the return plate flow guiding bars is connected to the returnplate by a hinge, the return plate electric cylinder is connected to alower side of the return plate by the return plate electric cylinderfixing bracket and pushes the second ball-head push rod by the returnplate electric cylinder so as to drive the hinge to rotate, so that anangle of the return plate flow guiding bars on the return plate isadjustable, and other ends of the return plate flow guiding bars areconnected to each other by the return plate welding plate and the secondconnecting rod to achieve linkage of the flow guiding bars.

In the above solution, the return plate threshed material detectingdevice includes a return plate detecting device mounting bracket, returnplate threshed material detecting plates are mounted above the returnplate detecting device mounting bracket, return plate force sensors aremounted below the return plate threshed material detecting plates, andtwo ends of the return plate threshed material detecting device areconnected to a rack by a first return plate vibration damper and asecond return plate vibration damper.

In the above solution, the return plate electric cylinder is connectedto an output terminal of the on-line detection controller, and thereturn plate force sensors are connected to the input terminal of theon-line detection controller.

The present invention further provides an automatic adjusting method fora threshed material from a combine harvester, characterized by includingthe following steps.

S1: Determining a rated threshed material adjustment index σa throughtheoretical calculation and bench testing according to throughput of athreshing and cleaning device of a combine harvester, with reference tocrop characteristics and national standards for harvesting machinery.

S2: Measuring threshed material flow rates A₁, A₂, A₃, . . . , A_(n)(measured in kg/s) corresponding to different lateral regions 1, 2, 3, .. . , n (3≤n≤6) of a discharge port of a shaking plate by using shakingplate force sensors, and measuring threshed material flow rates B₁, B₂,B₃, . . . , B_(n) (measured in kg/s) corresponding to different lateralregions 1, 2, 3, . . . , n (3≤n≤6) of a discharge port of a return plate(8) by using return plate force sensors (1005).

S3: Performing preprocessing including abnormal data replacement,missing data completion, and data de-noising on acquired signals of thethreshed material flow rates A₁, A₂, A₃, . . . , A_(n) (measured inkg/s) of the shaking plate and the threshed material flow rates B₁, B₂,B₃, . . . , B_(n) (measured in kg/s) of the return plate (8),correspondingly summing and amplifying the preprocessed signals toobtain total threshed material flow rates C₁, C₂, C₃, . . . , C_(n)(3≤n≤6) of the threshed material to be fed to a cleaning device, andtransmitting the total threshed material flow rates to an on-linedetection controller.

S4: Calculating a standard deviation σ_(c) of C₁, C₂, C₃, . . . , C_(n)by the on-line detection controller based on an adaptive adjustmentmodel by using detected values as input values, determining whetherσ_(c)≤σ_(a), and if yes, maintaining current positions of flow guidingbars, and ending automatic adjustment of the threshed material; or ifnot, performing a clustering analysis of parametric time series of totalthreshed material flow rates C₁, C₂, C₃, . . . , C_(n) (3≤n≤6) of theregions, C_(n)=f(α, β, t, C_(n)) (3≤n≤6), an angle α of a shaking plateflow guiding mechanism and an angle β of a return plate flow guidingmechanism which are acquired in real time, to find a rule C_(n)=f(α, β,t, C_(n)) (3≤n≤6) between the angle α of the shaking plate flow guidingmechanism, β of the return plate flow guiding mechanism and the threshedmaterial flow rate C_(n) of each of the regions, studying an adjustmentweight model of the shaking plate flow guiding mechanism and the returnplate flow guiding mechanism, and building an adaptive adjustment modelfor a threshed material adjustment weight; outputting in real timecorresponding control signals to control a shaking plate electriccylinder and a return plate electric cylinder to respectively drive afirst ball-head push rod to experience a displacement change a and asecond ball-head push rod to experience a displacement change b, so thatthe angle of the shaking plate flow guiding bar mechanism and the angleof the return plate flow guiding bar mechanism are respectively adjustedby α=f(a, α) and β=f(b, β); and comparing C₁, C₂, C₃, . . . , C_(n) toobtain C_(min), setting C_(adj)=C_(min)−C_(avg), and according toC_(n)=f(α, β, t, C_(n)) (3≤n≤6) and the adaptive model for the threshedmaterial adjustment weight, inversely calculating the a and b that needto be adjusted, wherein C_(min) is a minimum of threshed materialamounts of the regions, C_(adj) is a threshed material adjustmentamount, and C_(avg) is an average of the threshed material amounts ofthe regions.

S5: Going back to step S2 to repeat the process until σ_(c)≤σ_(a),maintaining current positions of the flow guiding bars, and endingautomatic adjustment of the threshed material.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects. (1) By usingthe force sensors to detect the flow rates of threshed material inlateral regions and transmit same to the on-line detection controller,which compares online the real-time flow rates of the regions andfurther controls the shaking plate flow guiding mechanism and the returnplate flow guiding mechanism to adjust the threshed material in thelateral regions of the discharge port of the return conveying device, auniform distribution of the threshed material is achieved, therebyimproving the cleaning efficiency and performance. (2) By arrangingthree to six force sensors at lateral positions on the discharge portsof the shaking plate and the return plate to directly detect the flowrates of the threshed material in three to six lateral regions of theshaking plate and the return plate and using the standard deviation ofthe threshed material flow rates of the regions as an indicator forevaluating whether the threshed material is uniformly distributed, thepresent invention is direct and efficient. (3) By using the on-linedetection and control system consisting of the force sensors, theon-line detection controller, the electric cylinders and adirect-current power supply to regulate the flow guiding mechanisms, thepresent invention achieves the automatic real-time uniform distributionof the threshed material that is about to enter the cleaning chamber,facilitates the sieving of grains and blowing of an airflow, cansignificantly improve the cleaning efficiency and performance under thecondition of a determined cleaning area, and is applicable to combineharvesters with various threshing roller combinations, for example,multi-roller threshing and separating devices such as a tangential-axialflow device, a multi-tangential-flow double-longitudinal-axial-flowthreshing device, and a horizontal-axis-flow+horizontal-axis-flowdevice, to achieve a uniform threshed material distribution. (4) Thepresent invention, not influenced by crop characteristics, is applicableto various crops such as wheat, soybean, rice, rape, and corn, andtherefore can greatly promote the technological progress in the field ofadaptive control of harvesting machinery in China and has broadapplication prospects.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a front view of an automatic uniform distribution apparatusfor a threshed material from a combine harvester.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a shaking plate threshed materialdetecting device.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a shaking plate flow guiding mechanism.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the shaking plate flow guiding mechanism.

FIG. 5 is a front view of a return plate flow guiding mechanism.

FIG. 6 is a top view of the return plate flow guiding mechanism.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a return plate threshed material detectingdevice.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of automatic detection and control of threshedmaterial from a combine harvester.

In the drawings: 1. tangential flow threshing and separating device; 2.shaking plate threshed material detecting device; 3. shaking plate; 4.shaking plate flow guiding mechanism; 5. multi-duct blower; 6. axialflow threshing and separating device; 7. chaff screw conveyor; 8. returnplate; 9. return plate flow guiding mechanism; 10. return plate threshedmaterial detecting device; 11. vibrating sieve; 12. on-line detectioncontroller; 201. first shaking plate vibration damper; 202. shakingplate threshed material detecting plate; 203. second shaking platevibration damper; 204. shaking plate detecting device mounting bracket;205. shaking plate force sensors; 401. first ball-head push rod; 402.shaking plate electric cylinder fixing bracket; 403. shaking plateelectric cylinder; 404. shaking plate welding plate; 405. shaking plateflow guiding bars; 406. first connecting rod; 901. second connectingrod; 902. return plate welding plate; 903. return plate electriccylinder fixing bracket; 904. return plate electric cylinder; 905.second ball-head push rod; 906. return plate flow guiding bars; 1001.first return plate vibration damper; 1002. return plate threshedmaterial detecting plate; 1003. second return plate vibration damper;1004. shaking plate detecting device mounting bracket; and 1005. returnplate threshed material force sensors.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The present invention is described in further detail below withreference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but thescope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

As shown in FIG. 1, an automatic uniform distribution apparatus for athreshed material from a combine harvester of this embodiment includes atangential flow threshing and separating device 1, a shaking platethreshed material detecting device 2, a shaking plate 3, a shaking plateflow guiding mechanism 4, a multi-duct blower 5, an axial flow threshingand separating device 6, a chaff screw conveyor 7, a return plate 8, areturn plate flow guiding mechanism 9, a return plate threshed materialdetecting device 10, a vibrating sieve 11 and an on-line detectioncontroller 12. The shaking plate flow guiding mechanism 4 is mounted onthe shaking plate 3. The shaking plate 3 is located below the tangentialflow threshing and separating device 1 and above the vibrating sieve 11,and is configured to uniformly distribute and shake threshed materialfrom the tangential flow threshing and separating device 1, and conveythe threshed material to the front end of the vibrating sieve 11,thereby significantly improving the cleaning efficiency and quality. Thereturn plate flow guiding mechanism 9 is mounted on the return plate 5.The return plate 5 is located below the axial flow threshing drum 6 andabove the vibrating sieve 11, and is configured to shake and uniformlydistribute threshed material from the axial flow threshing andseparating device 6 and secondary chaff conveyed by the chaff screwconveyor 7 and convey same back to the front end of the vibrating sieve11, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency and quality.

As shown in FIG. 2, the shaking plate threshed material detecting device2 includes a first shaking plate vibration damper 201, shaking platethreshed material detecting plates 202, a second shaking plate vibrationdamper 203, a shaking plate detecting device mounting bracket 204 andshaking plate force sensors 205. The shaking plate threshed materialdetecting plates 202 and the shaking plate force sensors 202 areperpendicularly connected to the shaking plate detecting device mountingbracket 204, and then connected to a rack by the first shaking platevibration damper 201 and the second shaking plate vibration damper 203,so that the shaking plate threshed material detecting plates 202 faceexactly toward the discharge port of the shaking plate 3 to monitor thereal-time flow rates of threshed material in the regions correspondingto the shaking plate detecting plates. The number of shaking platethreshed material detecting plates 202 is 3-6 depending on thecharacteristics of dynamic threshed material distribution, and needs tobe determined according to the actual geometric dimensions of themachine. A suitable measurement range needs to be selected for theshaking plate force sensors 205 according to the actual feeding amountof the machine and the installation position. A suitable measurementrange needs to be selected for the shaking plate force sensors 205according to the actual feeding amount of the machine and theinstallation position.

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the shaking plate flow guiding mechanism4 includes a first ball-head push rod 401, a shaking plate electriccylinder fixing bracket 402, a shaking plate electric cylinder 403, ashaking plate welding plate 404, shaking plate flow guiding bars 405 anda first connecting rod 406. One end of each of the shaking plate flowguiding bars 405 is connected to the shaking plate 3 by a hinge. Theshaking plate electric cylinder 403 is connected to a lower side of theshaking plate 3 by the shaking plate electric cylinder fixing bracket402 and pushes the first ball-head push rod 401 by the shaking plateelectric cylinder 403 so as to drive the hinge to rotate so that anangle of the shaking plate flow guiding bars 405 on the shaking plate 3can be adjusted. The angle can be adjusted within a range of 0°-180°.The other ends of the shaking plate flow guiding bars 405 are connectedto each other by the shaking plate welding plate 404 and the firstconnecting rod 406 to achieve linkage of the shaking plate flow guidingbars. In practice, the number of shaking plate flow guiding bars 405 is2-5, with a height of 30 mm-50 mm and a length of 100 mm-400 mm, whichneed to be determined through theoretical calculation and experimentalverification according to the actual geometric dimensions of themachine.

As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the return plate flow guiding mechanism 9includes a second connecting rod 901, a return plate welding plate 902,a return plate electric cylinder fixing bracket 903, a return plateelectric cylinder 904, a second ball-head push rod 905 and return plateflow guiding bars 906. One end of each of the return plate flow guidingbars 906 is connected to the return plate 8 by a hinge. The return plateelectric cylinder 904 is connected to a lower side of the return plate 8by the return plate electric cylinder fixing bracket 903 and pushes thesecond ball-head push rod 901 by the return plate electric cylinder 904so as to drive the hinge to rotate so that an angle of the return plateflow guiding bars 906 on the return plate 8 can be adjusted. The anglecan be adjusted within a range of 0°-180°. The other ends of the returnplate flow guiding bars 906 are connected to each other by the returnplate welding plate 902 and the second connecting rod 901 to achievelinkage of the return plate flow guiding bars. In practice, the numberof return plate flow guiding bars 906 is 2-5, with a height of 30 mm-50mm and a length of 100 mm-400 mm, which need to be determined throughtheoretical calculation and experimental verification according to theactual geometric dimensions of the machine.

As shown in FIG. 7, the return plate threshed material detecting device10 includes a first return plate vibration damper 1001, return platethreshed material detecting plates 1002, a second return plate vibrationdamper 1003, a return plate detecting device mounting bracket 1004 andreturn plate force sensors 1005. The return plate threshed materialdetecting plates 1002 and the return plate force sensors 1005 areperpendicularly connected to the return plate detecting device mountingbracket 1004, and then connected to the rack by the first return platevibration damper 1001 and the second return plate vibration damper 1003,so that the return plate threshed material detecting plates 1002 faceexactly toward the discharge port of the return plate 8 to monitor thereal-time flow rates of threshed material in the regions correspondingto the shaking plate detecting plates. A suitable measurement rangeneeds to be selected for the return plate force sensors 1005 accordingto the actual feeding amount of the machine and the installationposition. A suitable measurement range needs to be selected for thereturn plate force sensors 1005 according to the actual feeding amountof the machine and the installation position.

As shown in FIG. 8, a combine harvester-mounted direct-current powersupply supplies power to the on-line detection controller 12. Theshaking plate force sensors 205 and the return plate force sensors 1005are connected to the on-line detection controller 12, and transmit, inreal time to the on-line detection controller 12, the threshed materialflow rates at the discharge ports of the shaking plate 3 and the returnplate 8 that are detected by the shaking plate threshed materialdetecting device 4 and the return plate threshed material detectingdevice 10. The on-line detection controller 12 then outputs controlsignals according to a built automatic adjustment model to control theshaking plate electric cylinder 403 and the return plate electriccylinder 904 to respectively drive the shaking plate flow guidingmechanism 405 and the return plate flow guiding mechanism 906 toautomatically adjust the lateral uniformity of threshed material that isabout to enter the cleaning chamber, so as to make the threshed materialentering the cleaning chamber remain laterally uniformly distributed inreal time, thereby improving the cleaning performance and efficiency.

This embodiment further provides an automatic adjusting method for athreshed material from a combine harvester, including the followingsteps. (S1) Determining a rated threshed material adjustment index σ_(a)through theoretical calculation and bench testing according tothroughput of a threshing and cleaning device of a combine harvester andwith reference to crop characteristics and relevant national standardsfor harvesting machinery. (S2) Measuring threshed material flow ratesA₁, A₂, A₃, . . . , A_(n) (measured in kg/s) corresponding to differentlateral regions 1, 2, 3, . . . , n (3≤n≤6) of a discharge port of ashaking plate 3 by using shaking plate force sensors 205, and measuringthreshed material flow rates B₁, B₂, B₃, . . . , B_(n) (measured inkg/s) corresponding to different lateral regions 1, 2, 3, . . . , n(3≤n≤6) of a discharge port of a return plate (8) by using return plateforce sensors (1005). (S3) Performing preprocessing including abnormaldata replacement, missing data completion, and data de-noising onacquired signals of the threshed material flow rates A₁, A₂, A₃, . . . ,A_(n) (measured in kg/s) of the shaking plate 3 and the threshedmaterial flow rates B₁, B₂, B₃, . . . , B_(n) (measured in kg/s) of thereturn plate 8, correspondingly summing and amplifying the preprocessedsignals to obtain total threshed material flow rates C₁, C₂, C₃, . . . ,C_(n) (3≤n≤6) of threshed material to be fed to a cleaning device, andtransmitting the total threshed material flow rates C₁, C₂, C₃, . . . ,C_(n) (3≤n≤6) to an on-line detection controller 12. (S4) Calculating anaverage C_(avg) and a standard deviation σ_(c) of C₁, C₂, C₃, . . . ,C_(n) by the on-line detection and control system based on an adaptiveadjustment model by using detected values as input values, determiningwhether σ_(c)≤σ_(a), and if yes, maintaining current positions of theflow guiding bars, and ending automatic adjustment of the threshedmaterial; or if not, performing a clustering analysis of parametric timeseries of total threshed material flow rates C₁, C₂, C₃, . . . , C_(n)(3≤n≤6) of the regions, C_(n)=f(α, β, t, C_(n)) (3≤n≤6), an angle α of ashaking plate flow guiding mechanism and an angle β of a return plateflow guiding mechanism which are acquired in real time, to find a ruleC_(n)=f(α, β, t, C_(n)) (3≤n≤6) between the angle α of the shaking plateflow guiding mechanism, β of the return plate flow guiding mechanism andthe threshed material flow rate C_(n) of each of the regions, studyingan adjustment weight model of the shaking plate flow guiding mechanismand the return plate flow guiding mechanism, and building an adaptiveadjustment model for a threshed material adjustment weight; outputtingin real time corresponding control signals to control a shaking plateelectric cylinder 403 and a return plate electric cylinder 903 torespectively drive a first ball-head push rod 401 to experience adisplacement change a and a second ball-head push rod 905 to experiencea displacement change b, so that the angle of the shaking plate flowguiding bar mechanism and the angle of the return plate flow guiding barmechanism are respectively adjusted by α=f(a, α) and β=f(b, β), whereinby comparing C₁, C₂, C₃, . . . , C_(n) to obtain C_(min) and settingC_(adj)=C_(min)−C_(avg), a and b are calculated according to C_(n)=f(α,β, t, C_(n)) (3≤n≤6) and the adaptive model for the threshed materialadjustment weight, wherein C_(min) is a minimum of threshed materialamounts of the regions, C_(adj) is a threshed material adjustmentamount, and C_(avg) is an average of the threshed material amounts ofthe regions; go back to S(2).

The embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, butthe present invention is not limited thereto. Any obvious improvements,replacements or variations made by those skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the essence of the present invention shall all fallwithin the scope of protection of the present invention.

1. An automatic uniform distribution apparatus for a threshed materialfrom a combine harvester, the automatic uniform distribution apparatuscomprising a tangential flow threshing and separating device, an axialflow threshing and separating device, a chaff screw conveyor and avibrating sieve, wherein a shaking plate and a return plate are disposedabove two ends of the vibrating sieve, the shaking plate is locatedbelow the tangential flow threshing and separating device, and thereturn plate is located below the axial flow threshing and separatingdevice and the chaff screw conveyor, the shaking plate comprises ashaking plate flow guiding mechanism mounted on a side thereof ontowhich the threshed material from the tangential flow threshing andseparating device falls, a shaking plate threshed material detectingdevice is mounted at a discharge port of the shaking plate, the returnplate comprises a return plate flow guiding mechanism mounted on a sidethereof onto which the threshed material from the axial flow threshingand separating device falls, a return plate threshed material detectingdevice is mounted at a discharge port of the return plate, the shakingplate threshed material detecting device and the return plate threshedmaterial detecting device are both connected to an input terminal of anon-line detection controller, and the on-line detection controller isconfigured to control action processes of the shaking plate flow guidingmechanism and the return plate flow guiding mechanism.
 2. The automaticuniform distribution apparatus for the threshed material from thecombine harvester according to claim 1, wherein the shaking plate flowguiding mechanism comprises a first ball-head push rod, a shaking plateelectric cylinder fixing bracket, a shaking plate electric cylinder, ashaking plate welding plate, shaking plate flow guiding bars and a firstconnecting rod; one end of each of the shaking plate flow guiding barsis connected to the shaking plate by a hinge, the shaking plate electriccylinder is connected to a lower side of the shaking plate by theshaking plate electric cylinder fixing bracket and pushes the firstball-head push rod by the shaking plate electric cylinder so as to drivethe hinge to rotate, so that an angle of the shaking plate flow guidingbars on the shaking plate is adjustable, and other ends of the shakingplate flow guiding bars are connected to each other by the shaking platewelding plate and the first connecting rod to achieve linkage of theshaking plate flow guiding bars.
 3. The automatic uniform distributionapparatus for the threshed material from the combine harvester accordingto claim 2, wherein the shaking plate threshed material detecting devicecomprises a shaking plate detecting device mounting bracket, shakingplate threshed material detecting plates are mounted above the shakingplate detecting device mounting bracket, shaking plate force sensors aremounted below the shaking plate threshed material detecting plates, andtwo ends of the shaking plate detecting device mounting bracket areconnected to a rack by a first shaking plate vibration damper and asecond shaking plate vibration damper.
 4. The automatic uniformdistribution apparatus for the threshed material from the combineharvester according to claim 3, wherein the shaking plate electriccylinder is connected to an output terminal of the on-line detectioncontroller, and the shaking plate force sensors are connected to theinput terminal of the on-line detection controller.
 5. The automaticuniform distribution apparatus for the threshed material from thecombine harvester according to claim 1, wherein the return plate flowguiding mechanism comprises a second connecting rod, a return platewelding plate, a return plate electric cylinder fixing bracket, a returnplate electric cylinder, a second ball-head push rod and return plateflow guiding bars; one end of each of the return plate flow guiding barsis connected to the return plate by a hinge, the return plate electriccylinder is connected to a lower side of the return plate by the returnplate electric cylinder fixing bracket and pushes the second ball-headpush rod by the return plate electric cylinder so as to drive the hingeto rotate, so that an angle of the return plate flow guiding bars on thereturn plate is adjustable, and other ends of the return plate flowguiding bars are connected to each other by the return plate weldingplate and the second connecting rod to achieve linkage of the returnplate flow guiding bars.
 6. The automatic uniform distribution apparatusfor the threshed material from the combine harvester according to claim5, wherein the return plate threshed material detecting device comprisesa return plate detecting device mounting bracket, return plate threshedmaterial detecting plates are mounted above the return plate detectingdevice mounting bracket, return plate force sensors are mounted belowthe return plate threshed material detecting plates, and two ends of thereturn plate threshed material detecting device are connected to a rackby a first return plate vibration damper and a second return platevibration damper.
 7. The automatic uniform distribution apparatus forthe threshed material from the combine harvester according to claim 6,wherein the return plate electric cylinder is connected to an outputterminal of the on-line detection controller, and the return plate forcesensors are connected to the input terminal of the on-line detectioncontroller.
 8. An automatic adjusting method for a threshed materialfrom a combine harvester, the automatic adjusting method comprising thefollowing steps: step S1: determining a rated threshed materialadjustment index (σ_(a)) through theoretical calculation and benchtesting according to throughput of a threshing and cleaning device of acombine harvester, with reference to crop characteristics and nationalstandards for harvesting machinery; step S2: measuring first threshedmaterial flow rates (A₁, A₂, A₃, . . . , A_(n)) measured in kg/scorresponding to different lateral regions of a discharge port of ashaking plate by using shaking plate force sensors, wherein the lateralregions include 1^(st) to an n^(th) regions with 3≤n≤6, and measuringsecond threshed material flow rates (B₁, B₂, B₃, . . . , B_(n)) measuredin kg/s corresponding to different lateral regions of a discharge portof a return plate by using return plate force sensors, wherein thelateral regions includes 1^(st) to an n^(th) regions with 3≤n≤6; stepS3: performing preprocessing comprising abnormal data replacement,missing data completion, and data de-noising on acquired signals of thefirst threshed material flow rates of the shaking plate and the secondthreshed material flow rates of the return plate, correspondinglysumming and amplifying the preprocessed signals to obtain total threshedmaterial flow rates (C₁, C₂, C₃, . . . , C_(n)) of the threshed materialto be fed to a cleaning device, and transmitting the total threshedmaterial flow rates to an on-line detection controller; step S4:calculating a standard deviation (σ_(c)) of the total threshed materialflow rates by the on-line detection controller based on an adaptiveadjustment model by using detected values as input values, determiningwhether σ_(c)≤σ_(a), and if yes, maintaining current positions of flowguiding bars, and ending automatic adjustment of the threshed material;or if not, performing a clustering analysis of parametric time series oftotal threshed material flow rates of the regions, a first angle (α) ofa shaking plate flow guiding mechanism and a second angle (β) of areturn plate flow guiding mechanism which are acquired in real time, tofind a rule C_(n)=f(α, β, t, C_(n)) between the first angle of theshaking plate flow guiding mechanism, the second angle of the returnplate flow guiding mechanism and the total threshed material flow rateof each of the regions, studying an adjustment weight model of theshaking plate flow guiding mechanism and the return plate flow guidingmechanism, and building an adaptive adjustment model for a threshedmaterial adjustment weight; outputting in real time correspondingcontrol signals to control a shaking plate electric cylinder and areturn plate electric cylinder to respectively drive a first ball-headpush rod to experience a first displacement change (a) and a secondball-head push rod to experience a second displacement change (b), sothat the first angle of the shaking plate flow guiding mechanism and thesecond angle of the return plate flow guiding mechanism are respectivelyadjusted by α=f(a, α) and β=f(b, β); and comparing the total threshedmaterial flow rates to obtain C_(min), setting C_(adj)=C_(min)−C_(avg),and according to C_(n)=f(α, β, t, C_(n)) and the adaptive adjustmentmodel for the threshed material adjustment weight, inversely calculatingthe first displacement change and the second displacement change thatneed to be adjusted, wherein C_(min) is a minimum of threshed materialamounts of the regions, C_(adj) is a threshed material adjustmentamount, and C_(avg) is an average of the threshed material amounts ofthe regions; and step S5: going back to the step S2 to repeat theprocess until σ_(c)≤σ_(a), maintaining current positions of the flowguiding bars, and ending automatic adjustment of the threshed material.